Axially rotating reciprocating piston pump



'Aug E7, 1948. l' H. H. MAcKAL A2,447n6 AXIALLY ROTKATING REGIPROCATING PISTOH PUMP Filed March 26, r1946 'l 2.2 Y 2. v A

A TTORNEX Patented Aug. 1.7, 1948 AxrALLr no'ra'rnvo aEcIraocA'rmG rrsroN rum r Henry B. Mackal, Paramus, N. J. Application March 26,1946, Serial No. 657,194

3 Claims. (Cl. 1 03-157) 'I'his invention relates to'apparatus comprising a cylinder and piston and operatively characterized by both rotary and reciprocating motion whereby either flow offluid is effected, the appa.- ratus then acting as a pump, or fluid-force produces such two kinds of motion, the apparatus acting as an engine. oi.' rotary motion the piston is pitched or skewed from a plane perpendicular thereto but has all points of its periphery equidistant from such axis so that, whereas'the piston appears circular as viewed lengthwise of said axis, as viewed perpendicularly to the angle of pitch it appears elliptical. The cylinder is interiorly cylindrical but viewed radially it has end walls each of whose inner faces diverges from the other anda plane perpendicular to said axis at an angle at least not less than the angle of pitch of the piston, y

which latter, suitably near and continuously of its periphery, is of uniform thickness,` said 'faces where they most closely adjoneach other being spaced suiiiciently to receive the rim or peripheral portion of the piston. If one of the members of the apparatus (cylinder and piston) is rotated the other when confined against rotation therewith must reciprocate, or if one member is reciprocated, the other when conned against reciprocation must rotate. Apparatuses which operate on the above principle are disclosed, for instance, by the patents to Obuch No'. 665,970; Dawe, No. 1,229,590; and Schick, No. 1,833,501.

There must of course be provisionfor intake and exhaust of the iiuid. and the piston must -be devised so as to 'cooperate'with the intake and exhaust in the flow of the uid, and it is with respect to such functions to be performed that my invention is particularly concerned.

In order to explain the invention I have shown and shall hereinafter describe examples thereof which conceive the apparatus active as a pump, though without the invention being thereby limited.

In the drawing: v

Fig. 1 shows the apparatus in section in a plane coincident with the cylinder-and-pistonaxis;

Fig. 2 is a viewlooking to the left in Fig. 1 with the right-hand cylinder head removed, certain screws appearing in section:A Y f Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the piston shown in Fig. 1 but displaced 90; 4

Figs. 4 and 5 show modified forms of the piston;

Figs. 6 and 7 are longitudinal sectional views of detached portions of a combined motor and pump embodying the invention;

Fig.l 8 shows such motor-pump in transverse With relation to the axis 2 section,l except 'for the housing and motor-fields, which appear in elevation; and'` Fig. 9 shows in longitudinal section a modliled form of the pump.

In Figs. 1 to 3 the cylinder comprises a pair of discal heads I and 2, a cylindrical sleeve or cylinder proper 3 and screws 4 conningthese parts together. The heads at their inner margins are rabbeted at Ia and 2a to receive the sleeve and, outwardly of the sleeve, head I is penetrated freely by the screws and the other head has them tapped into it. At diametrically opposite pointsV the' sleeve has an intake port 5 and an exhaust port 6. A cylinder-space exists between the inner faces of the heads throughout'their whole area but they converge, being oppositely pitched but each at the same angle relatively to a plane 'perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder. The

heads provide alined axial bearings lIlz and 2b, bearing Ib'penetrating head I, which is formed with an internallyv threaded extension Ic containing packing I and a bushing 8 screwed into the extension.

The piston 9 is a. disk having a generally cylindrical periphery of the same diameter as the inner periphery of the sleeve and having its end faces (except as they may be recessed, as at 9a) parallel and pitched to the same angle relatively to the axis of the disk'as the inner face of either of the cylinder heads. Its thickness from face to face (at least adjacent its periphery) is the same as the spacing of said faces of the heads where they most closely approximate each other, or as seen in Fig. 1 at the top of the cylinderv space. The piston has coaxial with they cylinder oppositely projecting trunnions I0 and II respectively journaled in the bearings Ib-Zb. At I2 is a spindle for driving the piston, having a spline connection therewith at I3 and a collar I2a outwardly abutted by the packing.

If relative rotation occurs as between the piston and cylinder one will reciprocatelengthwise of the axis of rotation, as the 'axis of what is in eiect an extensible two-part shaft comprising parts I0-I2. In the present instance the cylinder is assumed to be fixed against both rotation and reciprocation and the piston assumed to be rotated, as by means acting through the shaft, wherefore the piston reciprocates. Due to such reciprocation, with incidental wabbing ofthe disk or piston proper, working spaces are alternately developed and reduced substantially to nii. one at one side and the other at the opposite side of thetpiston proper, Ias at 1:, the development of either taking place simultaneously with the re- 3 ducing di the other during each half-revolution. As for the construction of the piston so that it will cooperate with the intake and exhaust ports in the now of the duid: Two grooves Il, serving al transmission ports, are formed in diametrically opposite segments oi the pistons periphery, each extending generally cireumierentially thereof, here through nearly one-half thereof, one having its terminals diverted toward and exposed `at one side face, and the other having its terminals diof the piston. (In Figs. 1 to 3 each groove generally coincides with a plane perpendicular to the piston's axis, but in Fig. i each groove Il is parallel to the margins of the plstons periphery.)

Operation: The piston maybe rotated in either direction. Assume it is rotated as perthe arrow in Fig. 1 and consider the operation with respect to either side oi the piston-say the left side: As the piston rotates from the position shown through a halt-revolution. with consequent shifting thereof to the right, thus to form a working space z at its left side, the left-hand port i4 undergoes continuous exposure to port l and. being.then open to said space (in the Fiss. l to 4 forms, only at the port's.trailing end). conveys iiuid from port 5 to said space as an incident of vacuum ten'ding to form in the latter. As the piston rotates through the next-half revolution, with consequent shitting thereof to the left to reduce'said space, said port now undergoes exposure to port t and, being still open to said space, conveys fluid front the latter to port 6 as an'lncident of the pressure on the iluid which the A piston now exerts on the huid in said space. In

short, whereas port I4 is exposed to said space throughout the existence of the latter during each full-revolution of the piston, whenever in any half-revolution it is exposed to one oi the ports i and l it is cut oil from the other.

The construction and operation of the form shown in Fig. 5 are substantially the same as in the cas of the forms already described except "that the transmission or duid-conducting ports .10 verted-toward and exposed at the other side face, f

v shown aiforded by a ilat lia extending through` as shells l1 and Il, shell Il, which provides the cylinder proper of the pump, being internally cylindrical and closed at both ends by heads Ila and having their -inner faces Ila: oppositely pitched at the same angle relatively to a plane perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder. Such shell has an intake port Hb and an exhaust port I'Ic for respectively delivering duid to and conveying it from the cylinder space, to wit, here at longitudinally offset points of the cylinder since each port is in this instance in effect bifurcated, as shown. Shell i8, being a housing to contain motor fields Ila, is open at each end so as to be fitted over shell I l. The piston, generally designated by character Il, consists of a rotary electric motor armature of a standard type except that its heads Ila, which obtain bearings in shell II, have their outer faces lh parallel and pitched to the same angle relatively to the piston axis as the inner face |11: oi' each cylinder head. The heads are here shown formed with transmission ports isc like those of Fig. 5. l

In Pig. 9 a form of pump is shown which is the transmission ports!! are of the kind shown in Fig. 5 and except that the piston is penetrated from one side face to the other by relief ports "2l which aresnormally closed in relatively opposite directions by spring-pressed check-valves 22. Should the ilow from the pump be so opposed. as by stoppage. that continued operation ci the pump would result in damage vthese ports will open to permit by-passing of the fluid.

Desirably. Awhere the piston has a trunnion such as I l in Fig. 1 which reciprocates in a socketlike bearing, as 2b, in which huid-leakage from the cylinder space might become entrapped to impede the action of the piston, some expedient for release of such fluid is present, as a port ery. One of such passages is isolated from onel side but is open, at least at its ends, to the opposite side, and the other of such passages is isolated from the latter side but is open, at least at its ends. to the former side, of the piston. As for the cylinder, the same has, cut by a plane radial thereof and which is coincident with the maximum spacing of its converging inner faces (being the inner faces of its heads i-2), what I term an intake (being here the port 5 or the terminals of the bifurcated port Hb) of a width in said plane less than such maximum spacing but formed and arranged to be exposed by iirst one and then the other of said passages during eachv complete revolution of the piston and such t cylinder also has, substantially opposite the intake, what I term an exhaust (being here the single port t or the terminals of the bifurcated part I'Ic) arranged to be exposed iirst by one and then the other of said passages during each complete revolution of the piston. The piston of course substantially seals off ilow past it or from one of said end faces oi' the cylinder toward the other. Whereas such end faces are preferably and as shown pitched at the same angle, this is not essential, though the parallel sides of the piston should be pitched at an angie not greater than that of the pitch of either such face in order that the piston may undergo complete revolution. h l

Having thus fully described my invention what I claim is:

1. Apparatus of the class set forth including, in combination, a cylinder and piston rotative one relatively to the other and the cylinder having its inner end faces pitched in opposite directions relatively to the cylinder axis. and the piston being coaxial with the cylinder space and substantially sealing of! iiow therethrough from one toward the other of such faces and extending and closely iltting between the same where they most closely adjoin each other and having its sides generally parallel and pitched at an angle not Y greater than that of the pitch of either such lace.

5 which passages is isolated from the latter side but is open at least atits ends to the former side, of the piston, and the cylinder having. cut by a plane radial thereof and'which is coincident with the maximum spacing of the said faces, an intake oi.' a width in said plane less than such maximum spacing but formed and arranged to be exposed A by ilrst one and then the other of said passages during each revolution of the piston and said cylinder also having, substantially opposite the intake, an exhaust arranged to be exposed by ilrst one and then the other of said passages during each revolution of the piston.

2. The combination set forth in claim l char- Aacterized by the cylinder and piston including the one the ileld and the other the armature of an electric motor.

3. The combination set forth in claim 1 characterized by said piston having ports extending from one to the other of its sides and checkvaives in the respective ports normally urged toward the respective sides to close such ports.

HENRY H. MACKAL.

6 REFERENCES crrEn The following references are of record in the le of this patent: 

